A particular programming language may have a process chain or an entire programming system associated with it, also referred to as a framework.
Examples: the .Net platform or framework. Programming languages such as C#, F# work only on that platform and understanding the features of the platform is important to understand how programs written in those languages work.
To use Microsoft’s C++ language for the first 32-bit versions of Windows, programmers also had to learn the MFC library to create windowed applications.
To develop web applications using Microsoft’s MVC technology, programmers would also need to learn the Razor web page markup language.
Creating modern applications on Microsoft’s universal platform may require the XAML markup language.
Other examples:
Ruby on Rails, a server-side web application development platform.
For computer games, such as Unity, Cocos, Unreal Engine.
For 3D graphics: OpenGL, DirectX.
Probably other ways to classify programming languages are possible, such as with and without strict typing. But they are interesting for those who already know programming, this overview is more for beginners.
In principle, the more languages a programmer knows, the more confident he feels as a professional. But in our fast-paced times, it is possible that the version of the language can lose its relevance literally a year and a half or two years. For example, in the TypeScript language, from 2015 to 2019, that is, approximately 5 years, there were more than 20 updates.
If a person has already decided on the application area, the operating system, and the company in which he will work, the choice of programming language is simplified. However, companies may have quite exotic requirements, which can make beginners’ eyes glaze over. For example, this stack of languages and technologies in the job description of one of the major companies: .Net Core 3.1, Java 14, Kotlin, ElasticSearch, Lucene, Kafka, Redis, PostgreSQL, MSSQL, Airflow, Spark, Kubernetes, GitLab CI, Prometheus, Graylog, Jaeger, Grafana. This set somehow touches at least four programming languages: Java, Kotlin, SQL and Lua.
If you are still undecided about the company, you can start with one of the universal programming languages. Because of the ubiquity of the Internet, it is desirable for a programmer to have at least a general idea of what the HTML language is, as well as related languages of data description such as XML and JSON. It is also desirable to have an idea about the SQL database management language.
Gone are the days when you could work with the same version of a programming language for decades. Nowadays, the peculiarity of a programmer’s job is the constant learning of new languages and technologies. Courses on programming can be a good springboard, but programmers get the main experience while working, as if learning and working at the same time.
And finally, just a few years ago, as mushrooms after the rain have appeared visual programming systems without programmers, for example to create Web sites such as WordPress, Wix, Bitrix24. For ordinary users, they allow you to choose a design, connect to the data, and program the business processes yourself.
Looking at these systems, one might get the impression that programmers will soon be unnecessary. But guess who creates all these programming systems without programmers? The same programmers with the same common programming languages.